This grape variety originates from the Bordeaux area. In France, it is traditionally grown in several of the Bordeaux appellations, where it first earned its reputation for quality, but also, to a lesser extent, in the Loire Valley and, more recently, Languedoc-Roussillon. Cabernet-Sauvignon, together with Merlot, is the most widely-cultivated grape variety in the world: Spain, Italy, Greece, Yugoslavia, Croatia, Slovenia, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Morocco, United States, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and even in China. Cabernet Sauvignon is vigorous grape variety with late bud break and ripening. It requires careful trellising to support its very long canes. It may suffer from stem blight after SO4 treatment. It is susceptible to wood diseases such as eutypa dieback and esca, as well as powdery mildew. Cabernet Sauvignon bunches and grapes are small. Its wines generally have a powerful, tannic structure and deep color. They are suitable for aging in oak barrels and in bottle. With age, they develop complex green pepper, red-berry, vanilla, mocha, and toasty aromas. They may, however, be quite astringent for the first few years. In France, Cabernet Sauvignon is very often blended with other grape varieties.